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In the following list of foreign observers of Russia dates are normally date of first publication, or other appropriate date where this is not possible *922: Ahmed ibn Fadlan travelled from Bagdad to near Kazan, saw Vikings *c. 950: Ahmad ibn Rustah went to Novgorod *c. 1241: Snorri Sturluson described Rus chieftains as typical Vikings *c. 1300: Marco Polo mentioned Russia as a distant country in the far north *1476: Ambrogio Contarini Venetian ambassador to Persia, passed through Moscow. Early (earliest?) printed source *1486: Iurii Trakhaniot Muscovite ambassador to Milan, interviewed by Milanese officials, their report possibly not published *1487: Giosafat Barbaro Venetian to Sea of Azov, published 1543 *1515 Jacob Piso: Polish anti-Russian propaganda, never in Russia *1517: Maciej Miechowita "first accurate geography of Eastern Europe" *1519 Christian Bomhover: Teutonic Knight, first book solely on Russia, very hostile, never visited Russia, little cited by later authors. *1525-1543: Albert Compense, Paolo Giovo, Johan Fabri: Favorable accounts in interest of church union. Never in Russia. *c. 1527: Sigismund von Herberstein, Habsburg ambassador to Moscow. Saw government as despotic. Much copied by later writers. *1553: Richard Chancellor reached Muscovy via the White Sea, wrote ''Booke of the Great and Mighty Emperor of Russia'' *1561-1583: During the Livonian War a number of anti-Russian pamphlets published in the German lands. *1578: Heinrich von Staden German soldier, in oprichnina *1586: Antonio Possevino Papal diplomat *1589: Richard Hakluyt published voyages of the Muscovy Company *1589: Anthony Jenkinson, with Muscovy Company, to Moscow, Astrakhan, Bukhara and Persia, published in Hakluyt *1591: Giles Fletcher, the Elder English ambassador to Muscovy, wrote ''Of the Russe Common Wealth'' *1607: Jacques Margeret French mercenary, 'first printed French book on Russia' *1610: Isaac Massa Dutch merchant and envoy, via White Sea *1615: Peter Petreius Swedish diplomat, wrote History of the Grand Duchy of Moscow *1617: Conrad Bussow German involved in Time of Troubles *1621: Jerome Horsey with Muscovy Company *1647: Adam Olearius Holstein ambassador to Persia via Muscovy and the Volga *1653: Paul of Aleppo favorable view of an Orthodox theocracy. In Arabic, English translation 1829 *1663: Juraj Križanić Croat and proto pan-slav. Advocated liberalizing reforms similar to the later enlightened despotism *1671: Samuel Collins (physician) physician to the Czar *c. 1678: Nicolae Milescu Moldavian in Siberia and China *c. 1680: Patrick Gordon: Scots soldier, left diary *1682: John Milton ''A Brief History of Muscovy'' compiled from other sources *1687: Foy de la Neuville possibly travelled in Russia *1701: Dembei Japanese castaway taken to St Petersburg *1712: Tulishen Manchu ambassador to Russia and the Kalmycks *1721: Friedrich Christian Weber German diplomat *c. 1723: Lorenz Lange Swede in Siberia and China *1729-32 Two Chinese embassies to Russia〔Clifford M Foust,Muscovite and Mandarin, 1967, pages 57-67〕 *c. 1733: Johan Gustaf Renat Swede captured by Russians and then Dzungars. Mapped Siberia and Dzungaria *1746? Georg Wilhelm Steller journals of the Bering expedition *1751: Johann Georg Gmelin, with Bering, botany of Siberia *1757: Gerhard Friedrich Müller, with Bering, examined Siberian archives *1771: Peter Simon Pallas German natural historian *1784: William Richardson (classicist) Scots traveler *c1829: Alexander von Humboldt German naturalist *1839: Marquis de Custine very hostile *1847: August von Haxthausen publicized the peasant commune *1870: George Kennan (explorer) in eastern Siberia *1876: Edward Delmar Morgan British traveler and translator *1877: Donald Mackenzie Wallace British journalist *1894: Constance Garnett translated Russian novels *1909: Jeremiah Curtin visited Buryats *1919: John Reed (journalist) witnessed revolution *For Soviet period see ==References== *Marshall T. Poe, "A People Born to Slavery: Russia in Early Modern European Ethnography, 1476-1748", 2000 *Anthony Cross, "In the Lands of the Romanovs: An annotated bibliography of first-hand English-language accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917), 2014 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of foreign observers of Russia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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